This study analyzed differences in perception of agriculture and rural areas according to the experience of living in rural areas using the propensity score matching (PSM) method and presented policy implications. To this end, the difference in perception between urban residents according to the experience of living in rural areas in the past and the difference in perception between farmers and urban residents according to the experience in the present were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, compared to urban residents without experience in rural areas, those with it have higher interest in and attachment to agriculture and rural areas, and have higher awareness of the public value of agriculture and rural areas and higher willingness to pay additional tax to maintain and preserve them. In addition, it was found that these urban residents' intention to return to farming and rural areas after retirement was high and the residents thought the level of the government's interest and support was low. Farmers showed higher attachment to agriculture and rural areas than urban residents, but negative perceptions were high in all other areas. These results mean that there are differences in perception of agriculture and rural areas according to the experience of living in rural areas. It is also implied that policies to raise urban residents' interest in agriculture and rural areas, as well as continuous interest in farmers and effective policy support, are needed.