[Mongolia] Way of overseas agriculture development and resources building for food security system (1/3)
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Category | Research |
This study attempts to provide a future direction and strategies for international agricultural development by grasping the historical progress and constructing a reasonable definition of the international development. In addition, this study provides information on the possibilities of the development in Primorsky of Russia, Mongolia, Myanmar, and Cambodia. The conceptual scope of international agricultural development includes physical and economic access to safe, sufficient, and nutritious food as well as establishment of a food security system. However, a policy that only plans to bring in the agricultural resources that are developed overseas is not recommended. In the early days, international agricultural development failed because there was no appropriate information on the target countries. In the 1990s, however, private and public organizations with various purposes started to actively enter into overseas such as Primorsky of Russia, the American continent, and China. Most of them had engaged in the production of agricultural commodities. The legal foundation of international agricultural development has been "The Overseas Resource Development Act." However, agriculture has been excluded in the financial support of the Act. Moreover, the WTO stipulates that no preferential treatment shall be given to agricultural resources. When it comes to an emergency situation in a foreign country, there is also the high possibility of a trade ban on the commodities produced in the country. Therefore, international agricultural development has to aim at various purposes, such as establishment of globalization, new development motivation, and procurement of overseas agricultural resources. Constructing a private and public cooperation system should be the first priority for the development, and detailed objectives are suggested in the study. Mongolia has a tremendous potential for developing the grain and vegetable industries. However, their infrastructure, such as agricultural storage, water supply, and transportation, is underdeveloped. Similar to Mongolia, Cambodia has no secure infrastructure, but it has a strong labor force and no discrimination to foreign direct investment. However, it is not easy to obtain a sizable land. Myanmar is proud of its diverse climatic and topographic conditions, which would be beneficial to agricultural production. It also shares boundaries with countries with a large population, such as China, India, and Bangladesh, but agricultural infrastructure and quality seeds are lacking. Moreover, the economic sanction by the western world still continues. The merits of Russia's Primorsky are its geographical proximity to Korea and the experience of many Koreans who have invested in the region since the 1990s. Also, it is not difficult to lease a sizable land in the region. However, similar to Mongolia and Cambodia, agricultural facilities in the region have fallen behind, and the agricultural population has been decreasing continuously. Therefore, a type of joint venture should reduce initial investment risks. |
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Writer | KREI |