한국의 난산업 현황과 발전 과제 } : 한국농촌경제연구원

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연구보고서

한국의 난산업 현황과 발전 과제

2012.11.30 39871

과제성격

정책연구(P164)
저자

박현태
등록일

2012.11.30
연구주제

농업정책일반.

원문보기 좋아요

요약문

난은 매화, 국화, 대나무 등과 함께 사군자(四君子)로 취급하여 그 위상이 높다는 것은 잘 알려진 사실이다. 난이 풍기는 향기로 인해 우리나라를 비롯한 중국이나 일본에서는 고대로부터 난을 군자의 덕행에 비유하거나 선비의 지조를 상징하는 고귀한 식물로 취급하였다.

우리나라 난산업은 1990년대 중반부터 난의 생산과 공급량이 급속히 증가하는 추세였고 다양한 가격대의 상품이 출하되면서 빠르게 성장하였다. 특히 화훼류 수출에서도 큰 비중을 차지하였다. 그러나 2000년대 중반 이후 경기침체로 전반적인 화훼소비의 감소와 더불어 난산업도 위축되어 있다.

우리나라 난산업이 당면하고 있는 가장 큰 문제는 우리의 고유 품종이 빈약하고, 품종개발 수준이 전반적으로 낮아서 외국 의존도가 높다는 것이다. 그 외에도 난 농가의 경영 불안정, 수출품목과 수출시장의 한계, 소비나 수출확대를 위한 정책지원의 미흡 등이 지적되고 있다.

현재 우리 난산업이 어려움에 처해 있기는 하나 내수 및 수출 양면에서 성장 가능성이 큰 분야이다. 따라서 현재 당면하고 있는 문제점을 개선하여 발전의 돌파구를 찾을 필요가 있다. 이 연구는 우리나라 난산업의 부문별 문제점을 파악한 후 난산업이 지속적으로 발전할 수 있는 과제를 도출하고자 추진되었다.

Korea's orchid industry has continuously grown along with the development of floriculture. In 2011, the cultivation land for orchids was 213ha, and although it accounted for only 3.1% of total land for floriculture, it increased more than four times from 1990. The speed at which the cultivation land increased was a lot faster than the approximate 2-fold increase of the cultivation land for floriculture during the same period. However, the cultivation land as well as production amount peaked in 2005 and it has shown a decreasing trend since then as in the case of other flowering plants. The reason is that the overall demand for flowering plants has decreased due to the economic downturn since the mid-2000s.
Nevertheless, the orchid is an agricultural product that has a great potential for growth both in domestic consumption and export. Therefore, there is a need to redress the current problems and find a breakthrough for the industry's development. Under such a background, this study aims to identify the problems of Korea's orchid industry by sector and draw up the tasks for its continued development.
First of all, the biggest problem the domestic orchid industry is facing today is that it is highly dependent on imports because there are not many varieties and the technology level needed to develop the varieties is generally low. Second, the farm management is very unstable because of high operating cost due to continued increase in the price of agricultural inputs such as oil and stagnant consumption resulting from economic recession. Third, the foundation for expanding the export is weak because the product varieties and export markets are limited. Fourth, the distribution is inefficient because distribution techniques and facilities are insufficient. Finally, appropriate government support is lacking for the negotiation of quarantine conditions or in the process of building a base for increasing consumption.
Development directions and goals by sector should be set to solve these problems and take the orchid industry to a new level, and the tasks that need to be accomplished to achieve this goal should be drawn up and executed.
As for the task that needs to be performed in relation to variety development, it is necessary to reduce orchid farmers' dependence on foreign varieties by developing domestic ones that are high quality and appealing to consumers and that have a good chance of being exported. In addition, it is necessary to build a mass production and distribution system so that the supply of domestic varieties can be expanded.
In the field of cultivation, it is necessary to take measures that can help produce high-quality orchids by continuously modernizing production facilities and by developing and disseminating standard cultivation techniques. Above all, it is necessary to introduce a product tracking system so that domestic seed producers and farmers can be protected.
In the distribution sector, there is a need to introduce various trading systems to cope with changes in the retail environment. In addition, facilities and equipment that can improve the efficiency of logistics in production regions, especially in export complexes, should be provided.
In the import and export sector, it is necessary to continuously diversify export markets and find promising products for export. Also, it is necessary to instill a fresh breath of “export mindset” into farmers and exporters and take measures to improve related systems such as the post-management system so that orchids can be exported stably.
In so far as policies are concerned, it is necessary to improve the quarantine system so that the traded products that are currently struggling in the U.S. market can be competitive enough to compete with the products of other exporting countries. Also, there should be more support to lay down a foundation to make the use of flowers a way of life and increase the consumption of flowers by easing unrealistic regulations.

Researchers: Hyun-Tae Park
Research period: 2012. 2 - 2012. 11.
E-mail address: htpark@krei.re.kr